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2014年托福语法精讲复习5
作者:城市网 来源:城市总裁吧 更新日期:2014-9-27

  从属连词

  复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构,因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类:(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律,这类题目并不复杂。

  从属连词常考题型及解题要点

  1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词

  全真例题分析

  (1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.

  (A) traps

  (B) trap its

  (C) which traps

  (D) which it traps (92.1)

  [答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句,且在从句中作主语。

  (2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.

  (A) there

  (B) wherever

  (C) somewhere

  (D) then (92.5)

  [答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子,这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词,引导地点状语从句。

  (3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.

  (A) him

  (B) although

  (C) or

  (D) who (92.10)

  [答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句,并作从句的主语。

  (4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.

  (A) A volcano erupts

  (B) A volcano whether erupts

  (C) A volcano erupts it

  (D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)

  [答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。

  2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用

  解题要点:在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which,应确认它所指代的是人还是物。

  全直例题分析

  (1) Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)

  [答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea,因此应用指物的which或that。

  (2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)

  [答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons,应改为人称关系代词who。

  (3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)

  [答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which。

  (4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)

  [答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law,故应改为which或that。

  3. 介词+关系代词which结构

  解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词,在从句作状语。可表示时间(=when) ,地点(= where) ,原因(=why)等等。

  全真例题分析

  (1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests.

  (A) is which

  (B) on which

  (C) which is on

  (D) on it (91.1)

  [答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ,作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。

  (2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How.

  (A) through it

  (B) through which

  (C) that is through

  (D) there goes through (93.3)

  [答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词,而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。

  (3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow.

  (A) which

  (B) which in

  (C) in which

  (D) in (90.5)

  [答案] C in which = where

  (4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose ------- intended.

  (A) they were for

  (B) for they were

  (C) which were they

  (D) for which they were (93.10)

  [答案] D for which指代for the purpose。

  4. What 引导的名词性从句

  解题要点:what兼先行词和关系代词双重身份,即what = the thing (things) that…。因此考生应特别注意,what既已包含先行词在内,它的前面就不应该再出现先行中心名词。What 与that 的区分是TOEEL常考题目

  全真例题分析

  (1) During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became ------- is now Indiana and Ohio.

  (A) there

  (B) where

  (C) that

  (D) what (93.5)

  [答案] D what = the area that。What所指代的是地点、位置。然而,此句却不可选择(B)where。因为关系副词where不能作从句的主语。只有what即是先行词又是关系代词。

  (2) The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ------- best in its climate and soil.

  (A) it grows

  (B) what grows

  (C) does it grow

  (D) what does grow (90.1)

  [答案] B what grows = the thing that grows…另请注意:介词后面通常不能接that引导的从句,但可接what引导的名词性从句。

  (3) A hinge joint is ------- permits the forward and backward movement of a door.

  (A) the

  (B) what

  (C) those

  (D) whose (88.10)

  [答案] B what = the thing that…

  (4) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ------- reality.

  (A) what it is conceived

  (B) that is conceived

  (C) what is conceived to be

  (D) that is being conceived of (89.5)

  [答案] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .答案(A)中的代词it是多余的,因为what本身即已包含了先行词(the thing ) 和关系代词(that) 。答案(B)中的关系代词that引导的从句不可以置于介词的后面。

  (5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.10

  [答案] B what应改为that。此句已含有先行词food,不能再用关系代词what。

  5. 主句和从句

  解题要点 主语从句是TOEEL常考而中国考生又较陌生英文文法结构。有关主语从句的命题几乎全部集中在structure (1-15题)中。主语从句的特点是读起来有种头重脚轻的感觉,而且有两个谓语动词。连词That 引导的主语从句应特别留意。因为That 在句中没有任何意义,它只具有引导出主语从句的功能,因而很容易被忽略。

  全真例题分析

  (1) ------- xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.

  (A) For

  (B) It was

  (C) That

  (D) While (91.1)

  [答案] C That引导的主语从句。其中第一个谓语动词could from 是从句的谓语,第二个系动was是主句的谓语。

  (2) ------- to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.

  (A) Danger can be

  (B) They can be dangerous

  (C) What can be dangerous

  (D) While danger (93.1)

  [答案] C what引导的主语从句。What既是从句的连词,又是从句的主语。

  (3) ------- has been a topic of continual geological research.

  (A) Did the continents originate

  (B) How did the continents originate

  (C) Have the continents originated

  (D) How the continents originated (91.1)

  [答案] D How 引导的主语从句。

  (4) ------- progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.

  (A) Technological

  (B) That technological

  (C)Although technological

  (D)There is technological

  [答案] B. That 引导的主语从句,当连续读到两个谓语动词(e.g. Helps…is),而空格在句首,应首先考虑主语从句。这是主语从句典型的句子结构。


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